As of 31 July 2016, UN-coordinated Humanitarian Response Plans (HRP), Flash Appeals and Regional Refugee Plans as covered by the Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) require US$21.9 billion to meet the needs of 96.9 million people affected by humanitarian crises in 40 countries. The appeals are funded at $7.2 billion, with unmet requirements totalling $14.7 billion. Overall, donors have contributed $13.7 billion towards humanitarian operations in 2016 and pledged a further $814.4 million.

On 20 July, humanitarian partners launched an urgent appeal for $284 million to prepare for the humanitarian impact of the military operation to retake Mosul from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). It is vital that this amount is received promptly so that minimum preparedness measures can be put in place. In a worst-case scenario, nearly $1.8 billion may be required to assist up to 1.5 million people considered to be at risk.

Contributions are also urgently required to allow organizations to scale up or sustain operations in Syria and the region. Although the London conference earlier this year saw record-level pledges and $4.8 of the $ 6 billion pledged has been allocated, some donors have not yet allocated the funds pledged. The Syria Humanitarian Response Plan and the Syria Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) are funded at 27 and 43 per cent respectively.

Additionally, UN country teams in Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria are seeking to scale up operations. These countries require $559 million to meet the emergency needs caused by the Lake Chad Basin crisis. Additional and timely donor support will be critical to mounting an effective response. Please see icon overleaf for information on other urgent funding needs.

For El Niño, globally Government or Humanitarian Country Team plans call for approximately $5 billion. The funding gap is about $3.3 billion. Over $600 million is required for Ethiopia alone and $2.7 billion for Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. The Southern Africa Regional Inter-Agency Standing Committee (RIASCO) launched a regional El Niño response plan which has three pillars: humanitarian, resilience and macro-financial. To address priority humanitarian needs, partners require $1.2 billion, of which $237 million has been contributed to date.

Meanwhile, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has received $273 million for 2016 as of the end of July, most of which have been directed to 35 countries for life-saving activities. In July alone, $21.6 million were disbursed to emergencies in seven countries - Iraq, Bangladesh, DRC, Malawi, Rwanda, Nigeria and Sudan. The second round of underfunded-emergencies window allocation of $50 million will be announced in August. Currently, the CERF secretariat anticipates a funding gap of $50 million of the $450 million annual target for 2016. New contributions are urgently required to secure adequate funding for future response.

So far in 2016, 17 Member States have contributed $385 million to country-based pooled funds (CBPFs). In turn, $301 million has been allocated to frontline responders: 20 per cent to national NGOs; 46 per cent to international NGOs; 33 per cent to UN agencies; 1 per cent to Red Cross / Crescent. OCHA manages 18 CBPFs in some of the world's worst crises, including Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen. Allocations are decided upon through an in-country consultative process based on humanitarian needs and priorities.

308 aid workers reported killed between January 2015 and June 2016

In 2015, open sources reported 179 aid workers killed in 101 severe incidents. During the first six months of 2016, 61 severe incidents reported 129 aid workers killed.

• 134 aid workers killed in incidents attributed to Non-State Actors.
  
• 82 aid workers killed in incidents attributed to State Actors.
  
• For the remainder, no further information is currently available.
  
• 14 aid workers were reported killed following their abduction in Afghanistan (7), South Sudan (3), Honduras, Kenya and Syria (1 each).

816 aid workers reported killed, kidnapped, injured or assaulted between January 2015 and June 2016

In 2015, open sources reported 515 aid workers killed (179), kidnapped (129) and assaulted or injured (207) in 234 severe incidents. During the first six months of 2016, open sources reported 301 aid workers killed (129), kidnapped (75) and assaulted or injured (97) in 122 severe incidents.

In 2015, open sources reported 207 aid workers as assaulted or injured in 95 severe incidents. - During the first six months of 2016, 43 severe incidents reported 97 aid workers as assaulted or injured.
- 2 aid workers raped in South Sudan and Tanzania.
- 1 aid worker sexually assaulted in Zambia.

These data has been prepared by the Aid in Danger project by Insecurity Insight using the Security in Numbers Database. Reported events based on open source reporting between January 2015-June 2016, as of 16 August 2016. Data collection is ongoing and these numbers may change as new information is made available. More information www.insecurityinsight.ordaidindanger/

As of 31 August 2016, UN-coordinated appeals and refugee response plans as covered by the Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) require US$21.7 billion to meet the needs of 95.4 million people affected by humanitarian crises in 40 countries. Global requirements are adjusted throughout the year as response plans are revised, both upwards and downwards, to reflect up-to-date needs.
The current decrease has resulted from revisions of plans for Ethiopia, Afghanistan and Yemen.

The Ethiopia Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD) now requests $1.6 billion to respond to the needs of 9.7 million people affected by El Niño. In Afghanistan, there is a $54 million reduction in the overall ask from $393 to $339 million.

The reductions reflect funding constraints impacting the ability to implement programmes, realistic absorption capacity and capability to deliver in the coming six months. Humanitarian actors have reached 2.1 million people with aid. The HRP for Yemen now requires $1.6 billion to respond to the needs of 12.6 million people. Some 6.9 million people have received assistance in 22 Governorates.
Funding for the Syria Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and the Syria Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) is at 34 per cent and 47 per cent respectively.

Although the London conference saw record-level pledges, disbursements are urgently required to allow organizations to scale up or sustain operations in Syria and the region. With the highly prioritised Iraq 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan only 53 per cent funded, operational partners have urgently appealed for additional $284 million to prepare for the humanitarian impact of the operation to retake Mosul from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).

The 2016 humanitarian response plans (HRPs) for Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon contain components to respond to the Lake Chad Basin crisis and have appealed for $559 million to scale up their operations. The Cadre Harmonisé report for August notes that 65,000 people in North-East Nigeria are experiencing famine, more than 1 million people are in emergency, while about 3.3 million are in crisis. Please see icon overleaf for information on other urgent funding needs.

Additionally, El Niño's impact on people’s food security and agricultural livelihoods, will continue through the next growing season, with the impact on health, nutrition, water and sanitation likely to grow throughout the year.
Eastern and Southern Africa are the most affected regions with the effects likely to last well into 2017. Some 23 countries have presented costed response plans with total requirements of $5 billion.

On 16 August, the Emergency Relief Coordinator released $50 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for severely underfunded aid operations in Yemen, the Democratic Republic Congo, Chad, Central African Republic, Rwanda and Eritrea [link]. The latest rapid response allocations include aid for Syrian refugees in Jordan and an allocation to Niger. CERF has allocated a total of $291 million in 2016 thus far. The Fund has received $345 million for 2016 as of the end of August, and continues to anticipate a funding gap of $50 million on the $450 million annual funding target.

Meanwhile, 18 Member States have contributed $465 million in 2016. OCHA manages 18 CBPFs in the world’s worst crises, where these funds have allocated $339 million to aid agencies: 19 per cent to national NGOs; 47 per cent to international NGOs; 34 per cent to UN agencies. CBPFs continue to be one of the largest direct sources of funding to local and national frontline responders.

As of 30 September 2016, UN-coordinated appeals and refugee response plans within the Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) require US$22 billion to meet the needs of 95 million humanitarian crisis-affected people in 40 countries. Together the appeals are funded at $9.4 billion, leaving a shortfall of $12.6 billion.

In September, two Flash Appeals were issued and requirements for several response plans were revised. The Afghanistan Flash Appeal was launched on 7 September, requesting $152 million to respond to the urgent needs of one million people "on the move" internally and across the border up to the end of 2016. The recent surge in displacement, mainly triggered by Afghans returning from Pakistan, has far surpassed 2016 humanitarian planning figures. On 15 September, the Libya Flash Appeal requesting $10.7 million by the end of the year was issued to provide urgent protection and life-saving assistance to 79,400 people in the Libyan city of Sirte.

Requirements for the Lake Chad Basin countries of Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria were revised upwards this month. Some nine million people need humanitarian assistance in the region. In north-east Nigeria alone, around 6.3 million people are severely food insecure. Global acute malnutrition rates have reached 30-60 per cent in some areas. Country teams are scaling up operations and a review of the extent of humanitarian needs has revealed an escalation of unmet requirements for the year to $542 million.

In Iraq, less than half has been received of the $284 million required by the Mosul Flash Appeal to prepare for the humanitarian consequences of the military operation to retake Mosul. In Haiti, additional funds are urgently required to reinforce response teams in affected areas and to halt the rising spread of cholera. It is vital that the disease be contained, particularly as the hurricane season expected to begin in force in early October is likely to lead to additional humanitarian needs and financial requirements.

Since January 2016, the Central Emergency Response Fund has allocated $360 million to address urgent humanitarian needs in 43 countries – a sum exceeding total contributions so far this year of $345 million. In September, CERF disbursed $69 million to provide immediate, life-saving assistance in ten countries to 2.2 million people. A donor country recently contributed an additional $23.4 million to bridge the anticipated deficit of $50 million from the $450 million annual CERF funding target.

Meanwhile, 18 country-based pooled funds (CBPFs) have raised $473 million up to September 2016. In all, CBPFs have allocated $360 million to aid agencies this year: 18 per cent to national NGOs, 46 per cent to international NGOs, 35 per cent to UN agencies and 1 per cent to the Red Cross/Red Crescent movement. CBPFs continue as one of the most substantial and direct sources of funding for the programmes of local and national frontline responders.

• As of 30 November 2016, UN-coordinated appeals and refugee response plans within the Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) require US$22.1 billion to meet the needs of 96.2 million humanitarian crisis-affected people in 40 countries. Together the appeals are funded at $11.4 billion, leaving a shortfall of $10.7 billion.

• In November, the funding requirements for the initial Flash Appeal for Haiti to respond to the most urgent humanitarian needs caused by Hurricane Matthew increased by $19 million, bringing the total to $139 million. The Flash Appeal targets the 750,000 people most in need of assistance until the end of the year. In Somalia, needs continue to rise due to drought, conflict, displacement and lack of basic services. Partners require $471 million before the end of the year to provide life-saving assistance to vulnerable communities. Critical clusters such as food security, health, education and protection are all funded below 35 per cent.

• The Libyan Humanitarian Response Plan remains underfunded at 30 per cent. Only four out of 98 hospitals in Libya work at full capacity and the severe lack of funding has meant critical needs in the health sector continue to be unmet. Meanwhile, the Libya Flash Appeal which requests $10.7 million by the end of the year, is only 5 per cent funded. The appeal seeks to provide urgent protection and life-saving assistance to 79,400 people in the Libyan city of Sirte. Please see icon overleaf for information on other urgent funding needs.

• In 2016, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has disbursed $408 million to 47 countries. In November alone, almost $16 million was disbursed to four crises, including to assist 385,000 Afghan returnees from Pakistan, stranded Syrian refugees in the Berm, South Sudanese refugees in the CAR, and internally displaced persons in the Republic of Congo. CERF is currently projecting an income of nearly $425 million for 2016, which leaves a shortfall of $25 million on the $450 million funding target for this year. The CERF High-Level Pledging Conference for 2017 will be held on 13 December in New York and chaired by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

• Country-based pooled fund (CBPF) allocations, including planned allocations, in 2016 total $531 million to 369 partners through 1,010 projects. Some 18 per cent ($98 million) have gone to national NGOs; 45 per cent ($241.5 million) to international NGOs; 36 per cent ($189 million) to UN agencies and 0.5 per cent ($2.7 million) to the Red Cross/Red Crescent. CBPFs have been instrumental in supporting some 32 million people with health services, 14.7 million people with water and sanitation interventions and some 14.5 million people with nutritional support. Since January 2016, 18 Member States have contributed a total of $549 million for operations in 17 countries.

The map below shows asylum applications by under age 18 year olds and gender. Darker colours mean more people have applied in a certain country. Use the slider to select a year or the drop down menus below to display data for different age groups or different home countries.

• As of 30 December 2016, the inter-agency coordinated appeals and refugee response plans within the Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) require US$22.1 billion -- an increase of 10 per cent since it was first launched twelve months ago -- to meet the needs of 96.2 million humanitarian crisis-affected people in 40 countries. By the end of 2016, $12.6 billion were raised towards the coordinated appeals -- more than ever before. Despite immense donor generosity, it is only 57 percent of the requirements committed, leaving a short fall of $9.5 billion. In comparison to 2015, the year closed with 53 percent coverage receiving $10.7 billion). In 2016, the bulk of the global requirements were for just four humanitarian crises: Iraq, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen -- all man-made conflicts.

• On 5 December, the 2017 Global Humanitarian Overview consolidated appeal was launched requiring $22.2 billion to meet the needs of 92.8 million most vulnerable people in 33 countries affected by crisis. New requirements for half of the appeals/response plans have increased, and are likely to increase throughout 2017.

• Two and an half months after Hurricane Matthew, reported funding for the Haiti Flash Appeal has increased over the last month with 62 per cent funded, leading a shortfall of $52.5 million still needed. There are limited resources to meet the basic needs of those evicted from temporary shelters, as well as the most vulnerable people in zones of return. The Flash Appeal requires $139 million to assist 750,000 people in need. Some sectors – protection (11%), early recovery (18%) and shelter (25%) – have been particularly poorly funded. Health is 18 % funded.

• In 2016, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has so far disbursed $437 million to 47 countries. In December, $18.4 million was allocated for immediate life-saving assistance to displaced families and host population in Mosul, Iraq. In addition, $3.5 million was approved to support 31,000 people facing forced eviction from temporary shelters following Hurricane Matthew in Haiti. In 2016 as reported so far, CERF received an income of $426.3 million, which is 95 per cent of the annual target. For 2017, at the CERF High-Level Conference on 13 December, thirty-three donors pledged approximately $273 million for next year, already close to 60 per cent of the annual target of $450 million. Some donors are yet to make announcements due to internal budgetary processes but are expected to pledge in early 2017.

• 2016 was a record year for Country-Based Pooled Funds (CBPFs) with 21 Member States contributing more than US$691 million for operations in 17 countries. The Iraq and Yemen Humanitarian Funds each received more than $100 million. The 17 CBPFs disbursed $662 million, enabling 370 organizations working across all clusters to deliver life-saving assistance targeting almost 100 million crisis-affected people. International NGOs received the most (46 per cent), followed by UN agencies (35 per cent), national NGOs (18 per cent) and the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement (1 per cent).

308 aid workers reported killed between January 2015 and June 2016

In 2015, open sources reported 179 aid workers killed in 101 severe incidents. During the first six months of 2016, 61 severe incidents reported 129 aid workers killed.

• 134 aid workers killed in incidents attributed to Non-State Actors.
  
• 82 aid workers killed in incidents attributed to State Actors.
  
• For the remainder, no further information is currently available.
  
• 14 aid workers were reported killed following their abduction in Afghanistan (7), South Sudan (3), Honduras, Kenya and Syria (1 each).

As at 29 February, the funding requirements for humanitarian response plans and appeals for 2016 are US$20.1 billion to meet the needs of 89.3 million people across 37 countries. The increase since January is due to the release of the Yemen response plan which seeks $1.8 billion to respond to humanitarian needs of 13.6 million people. The global figures are likely to increase further in the course of 2016.

Of the total amount requested, $407 million in funding has been received so far towards the UN coordinated inter-agency appeals with outstanding pledges amounting to over $135.4 million as reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). At the London Conference to support Syria and the region on 4 February, donors pledged $11.3 billion of which $5.9 billion are for 2016 and $5.4 billion for 2017-2020. Rapid disbursement and decisions of allocation will be important to allow agencies to step up operations in Syria in light of the cessation of hostilities. We are following up on donor plans to understand where funding gaps exist.

Twenty-three humanitarian response plans (HRPs) and six refugee response plans (RRPs) for 2016 have been published. The funding status so far is as follows: Guatemala and Niger (9 per cent funded), Iraq (8 per cent), Burkina Faso and South Sudan (5 per cent), Afghanistan and Nigeria (4 per cent), Cameroon and Libya (3 per cent). Protracted emergencies such as Chad, Somalia and Yemen are 2 per cent funded.

In South Sudan, urgent funding of $220 million is required to enable aid organizations to rapidly scale-up humanitarian action before the end of the dry season in May 2016. Aid workers are in a race against time to respond in areas previously cut off by fighting and rains, and to pre-position vital supplies ahead of the next rainy season.

As reported to FTS, since January, around $2.4 billion of humanitarian funding with over $2 billion has been allocated outside of the appeals framework, including bilateral funding, funding to the Red Cross movement, and other mechanisms for NGOs.

Meanwhile, donors have pledged almost $250 million for 2016 for the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) thus far, of which almost $129 million has been received. To-date, CERF has allocated almost $20 million and set aside additional $21 million in rapid response grants. Another $100 million, of which $3 million has already been allocated, is intended to sustain life-saving relief for 5.3 million people in nine severely underfunded crises, including Burundi, DPR of Korea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda where levels of vulnerability are alarmingly high and available resources for humanitarian response are critically low.
By the end of February, 18 Country-Based Pool Funds (CBPFs) have received contributions and pledges of some $100 million.

• The global figures in this document (89.3 million people and over $20 billion requirements) do not include RRP country chapters already covered in corresponding HRPs.

• As at 31 March, the global funding requirements for humanitarian response plans and appeals for 2016 are over US$20.1 billion to meet the needs of 88.7 million people across 38 countries.
  About $1.5 billion in funding has been received so far, leaving a shortfall of $18.6 billion. The outstanding pledges amount to over $124.4 million as reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS).

• New plans in March included the Fiji Tropical Cyclone Winston Flash Appeal seeking $39 million and the Burundi Humanitarian Response Plan requiring $62.3 million. The global figures are likely to increase further in the course of 2016.

• Urgent funding to time-sensitive needs is required in some operational priorities where there are risks of severe consequences due to seasonal cycles or impending breaks in funding pipelines.
  These include operations in Somalia, South Sudan and Ethiopia and the emergency response to needs in the aftermath of the cyclone in Fiji. Please see icon overleaf for further information.

• For the El Niño-related needs, an estimated $2.4 billion has been appealed through government or Humanitarian Country Team plans in the countries of greatest concern. The funding gap is about $1.5 billion, of which over $600 million is required for Ethiopia alone.

• Meanwhile, by the end of March, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has received almost $224 million in contributions for 2016; and allocated more than $160 million through its underfunded emergencies (UFE) and rapid response (RR) windows. The Fund has allocated almost $60 million in rapid response grants to eleven countries. Most recently, funds have been allocated in response to the tropical cyclone Winston in Fiji; yellow fever outbreak in Angola; and refugee response in South Sudan; while CERF has continued responding to humanitarian consequences of the global El Niño phenomenon - in Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique, Somalia and Swaziland. The first allocation round, of $100 million, to sustain life-saving relief in nine severely underfunded crises, was finalised in March.

• The global figures in this document (88.7 million people and over $20.1 billion requirements) do not include RRP country chapters already covered in corresponding HRPs.

• As of 30 April, global funding requirements to meet the needs of 89 million people across 39 countries through humanitarian response plans and appeals for 2016 amount to over US$20.3 billion. About $3.8 billion in funding has been received so far, leaving a shortfall of $16.5 billion. With the emergence of new humanitarian crises, global financial requirements have increased by around 2 per cent in the first trimester of the year.

• The Ecuador Earthquake Flash Appeal issued in April seeks $72.8 million to support 350,000 people with multi-sector life-saving assistance over a three-month period. Also this month, the humanitarian country team in Port-au-Prince concluded a Humanitarian Response Plan for Haiti, requiring $193.8 million to overcome severe food insecurity affecting 1.3 million people, and ensure protection for returnees andOn 26 April, the Emergency Relief Coordinator convened a global call for support and action to avert accumulation of adverse effects of the El Niño crisis. An estimated $3.6 billion is required to respond to this crisis in countries across East Africa, Southern Africa, Central America, Asia and the Pacific, through government plans, plans developed by the humanitarian community, and in some cases joint government-humanitarian country team plans. This figure is expected to escalate.

• Funding for the Syria Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and the Syria Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) is at 13 per cent and 23 per cent respectively. Although the London conference earlier this year saw record-level pledges, many donors have not yet allocated the funds pledged, and disbursement rates remain low. Without tangible contributions, organizations cannot scale up or sustain operations in Syria and the region.

• Over the last month the Financial Tracking Service (FTS) recorded funding for the Syria 3RP increased by 17 per cent; appeal funding for South Sudan increased by 14 per cent, and funding towards Fiji, Honduras, Senegal, and the Nigeria RRP increased by 12 percent. At the other end of the spectrum, reports on funding for The Gambia have yet to come in. Please see overleaf for information on time-sensitive funding needs.

• By end-April the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has received $229.7 million in contributions for 2016 (this is 81 per cent of all commitments and 51 per cent of the annual funding target). The Fund has allocated $96.5 million in rapid response grants to 16 countries, and $99.9 million from the first round of underfunded emergency grants in 9 countries. Following the earthquake in Ecuador, the Emergency Relief Coordinator, Stephen O’Brien announced a

• $7 million CERF allocation to support immediate life-saving response efforts in affected areas. This funding will help kick-start vital logistics, shelter, WASH, and emergency health operations in affected areas of Ecuador. As the El Niño global climatic events continue to impact tens of millions lives across the globe, CERF has also allocated approximately $50.3 million for life-saving activities in response to drought, floods and cyclones since January this year, with an additional $6 million currently being processed.

• In the first quarter of 2016, country-based pooled funds (CBPFs) received $171 million from 11 donors. 60 per cent of this funding has gone to NGOs, including 11 per cent to national NGOs. OCHA manages 18 CBPFs in crisis-affected countries, allowing donors to pool their earmarked contributions to a specific emergency and enabling Humanitarian Coordinators and the best-placed organizations on the ground to deliver assistance in a timely and coordinated manner.

• As of 30 May 2016, financial requirements of UN-coordinated Humanitarian Response Plans, Flash Appeals and Regional Refugee Plans as reflected in the Global Humanitarian Overview (GHO) amount to an unprecedented US$20.8 billion and are expected to rise. These appeals are currently funded at $4.8 billion, or 23 per cent. $16 billion in financial requirements remain unmet. Overall, humanitarian operations in 2016 are funded at almost $9.2 billion.

• Currently humanitarian partners aim to reach 91 million people in need in as many as 40 countries. The increase in May is due to the Flash Appeal in response to the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Ecuador, to a response plan for Zimbabwe and to expanded requirements in Ethiopia as a consequence of El Niño.

• Over $3.6 billion is required for El Niño-related activities through government plans, plans developed by humanitarian country teams, and joint government-humanitarian organization plans in countries across the most affected regions of East Africa, Southern Africa, Central America and Asia Pacific. The newly appointed United Nations Special Envoys for El Niño will work to generate resources for El Niño response and to secure long-term solutions for resilience building and preparedness. Meteorologists indicate that a La Niña event is more likely than not to occur later this year.

• Over the last month, FTS records a significant increase of 28 per cent in funding for the Burundi RRP while funding for the Myanmar plan has increased by 20 per cent. Funding for the Mali appeal increased by 8 per cent, Nigeria and CAR by 7 per cent, and Iraq, Syria and Ukraine all increased by 6 percent. Meanwhile, no funding reports have been submitted to FTS by donors or implementing agencies for the Gambia HRP and the Yemen RRMRP, five months after these appeals were released.

• The Central Emergency Relief Fund (CERF) has received $245 million in contributions for 2016 thus far and is projecting $413 million in contributions this year, with a shortfall of $37 million from its annual funding target. CERF continues to provide fast, flexible and life-saving humanitarian aid in emerging crises and the world’s most neglected disasters. In May, CERF approved $18 million from the Rapid Response window to support emergency interventions for Ecuador – earthquake;
  Guinea – Ebola resurgence; Nigeria – Lassa fever outbreak; South Sudan – conflict; and Viet Nam – El Niño-related drought. As of end-May, CERF has allocated more than $216 million to 26 countries through the Rapid Response and Underfunded Emergencies windows.

• At the World Humanitarian Summit several leaders announced their support for the UN Secretary-General’s proposal for a $1 billion CERF. An expanded CERF will enable distribution of vital resources anywhere anytime a humanitarian catastrophe exists, in a manner commensurate with growing needs.

• Contributions to Country-based Pooled Funds (CBPFs) at the end of May 2016 stand at $284 million, of which $247 million have been allocated as follows: 42 per cent to UN agencies, 44 per cent to international NGOs and 13 per cent to national NGOs, with 1 per cent to Red Cross/Red Crescent societies.